主页 > 国内 >

下一站幸福

China's earliest tinned iron armor found in Zhejiang: 1,700-year-old anti-rust tech revealed_我的网站

下一站幸福

A |

A number of tinned iron armor plates excavated from the Jizhong site Photo: Courtesy of the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyArchaeologists at the Jizhong ruins site in Shaoxing, East China's Zhejiang Province, recently unearthed a large number of tinned iron armor plates and semi-finished pieces dating to the Wu period of the Three Kingdoms (222-280), according to the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. These discoveries represent the earliest known tinned iron artifacts in China to date, as well as the earliest tinned iron production remains found anywhere in the world, proving that an organized, systematic craft industry for tin-plated ironwork existed at that time.
While China has a long history of making tinned bronze and tinware, there has long been a lack of reliable historical records or physical evidence to prove early local production of tinned iron artifacts. The newly discovered armor plates can fill this gap, demonstrating that, by no later than the Wu period, local craftspeople in Zhejiang Province had mastered the art of tin-plating iron surfaces. This reflects the region's advanced metallurgical skills at that time, Ge Shuaikun, a researcher at the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
Over the last three years, archaeologists working at the Jizhong ruins site have excavated hundreds of tinned iron armor plates from ancient wells and ash pits. A preliminary investigation confirmed that the surfaces of these plates contain high levels of tin. Subsequent laboratory analyses were conducted in collaboration with the Shaoxing's institute and the Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology at the University of Science and Technology Beijing with methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Micro-CT to deeply examine the samples' materials, structures, and technological traces.
Photo: Courtesy of the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology

Photo: Courtesy of the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyAccording to Ge, tin is a non-toxic metal with a low melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and a silvery sheen. Tin plating effectively prevents rust, making iron armor far more durable and indeed, even after being buried for 1,700 years, many of these tinned plates retain their silvery metallic shine.
Research shows that the craftspeople immersed iron armor plates in molten tin, thus ensuring complete coverage of the surface with a continuous tinned layer. This coating isolated the iron from exposure to air and moisture, dramatically boosting corrosion resistance. Many of the excavated tinned armor pieces still show a clear, bright silver-white finish.
One major reason for tin-plating the armor was to prevent rust. At the same time, the silvery white shine of tinned iron offered a more striking, beautiful appearance, standing out from the typical dark iron armor of the era. This visual distinction may have marked these pieces as a higher-grade military asset, according to an article from the University of Science and Technology Beijing's official website.
The article said that in earlier eras, from the pre-Qin to Han dynasties, tin was widely used as a surface coating on bronzeware and ceramics. Researchers believe the tin-plating of iron armor discovered at the Jizhong ruins site during the Wu period of Three Kingdoms built upon this local tin-coating tradition, representing an adaptation of those techniques across different materials. The process likely benefited from technological exchange among various specialized workshops at the site, including those making bronze castings, iron weapons, and other metallurgical products.
。　　讯 8月14日，重庆市政府新闻办召开《重庆市建立健全长期护理保险制度实施方案》政策吹风会。　　会上，重庆市财政局副局长、新闻发言人唐嘉介绍，按照国家规定，长期护理保险由单位、个人、政府来共同筹资。居民参加长期护理保险，个人缴一半，政府补一半。特别是对特困、低保等困难群众，对个人缴费的部分，政府还将给予参保资助，确保困难群众能够公平享受这项社会保障。　　总的看，长期护理保险制度，是推动解决失能人员家庭照护难题的一项重要举措，是一项实实在在的民生兜底政策。财政既要足额落实补助，更要立足市情实际，配合做好制度设计、资金管护，实现保障力度与基金可持续的有机统一。　　一是支持试点、积累经验，逐步建立符合重庆实际的保障制度。长护险是一项新制度，没有现成的经验模式可以照搬。

B | 前期我们配合医保部门扎实做好试点，从参保范围怎么确定、资金怎么筹集、待遇怎么兑现、基金怎么管理等方面各个环节开展实践，持续迭代、不断优化，逐步形成公平、稳定、高效的保障机制，为长护险制度的全面推开打下了坚实基础。

C | 　　二是算好账、把好度，平衡好参保缴费和待遇水平。长期护理保险的可持续运行，关键在于精算平衡。必须坚持尽力而为、量力而行，不能脱离实际制定缴费水平和待遇标准。我们将结合人口老龄化程度、经济社会发展水平和基金收支等情况，统筹好筹资和待遇之间的关系，以严谨科学的制度安排确保基金收支平衡、运行平稳。