冰与火之歌

苹果被指控将iPhone在韩国的销售成本转嫁出去，而法律代表则回应说，这是一种正常的市场行为。_我的网站

一 |     "For decades now, the Pacific Ocean can be fairly described as an American lake, in which the US strategic presence is actively supported by the Australian and to a lesser extent New Zealand economic and security presence," says Joseph Camilleri, emeritus professor at La Trobe University in Melbourne.,However, with the People's Republic of China's (PRC) swift economic rise, it's hardly surprising that Beijing has started to explore new possibilities in the Pacific, according to the academic.,"What has particularly troubled the United States and its principal ally in the South Pacific, Australia, is the fact that China is making inroads into what was until now considered to be an exclusive American sphere of influence," he stresses.,On July 13, Vice President Kamala Harris told the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) in Suva in a virtual address that US funding for the region would be stepped up to $60 million per year for 10 years. The newly announced endeavor includes more funding for fisheries, extra aid, and offers of new US embassies in the Pacific. In particular, the US is set to ink renewed fishing treaties with Pacific island nations allowing US vessels to fish in their exclusive economic zones (EEZ), and offering greater support for maritime surveillance in the Pacific. In addition to that, the Peace Corps – the United States government's volunteer program – will return to four countries, including Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, and Vanuatu, according to CNN.,Australia Welcomes 'Renewed Commitment' From US Towards Pacific, Willing to Work With China11:38 GMT,"The timing of the pledge has much to do with the strategic competition between the United States and China," Camilleri explains. "In recent years, China has made considerable headway in developing its relations with [the Pacific Island Forum (PIF)] board, including cooperation in political, security and regional affairs, aid and development, COVID response and health, Ocean affairs and climate change, and much else.",The US attempt to assert its presence in the Pacific region also comes on the heels of the Quad IUU Fishing Initiative announced in late May, according to Jay Batongbacal, director of the University of the Philippines Institute for Maritime Affairs and Law of the Sea.,The leaders of the Quad nations — Australia, India, Japan, and the United States – proposed a maritime surveillance initiative to establish a tracking system to combat illegal, unregulated, and unprotected (IUU) fishing. The Quad endeavor may be viewed as an extension of earlier initiatives against China's fishing activities in the South Pacific, according to the academic.,"The South Pacific region is presently one of the richest and most active fishery areas in the world," he highlights.,Why Asia Won't Reject Russia's Hydrocarbons or China's Rare Earths Despite US PressureYesterday, 18:54 GMT,Even if Half of Pacific Islands Ink China Pact, It'll be Beijing's Win,Two months ago, Beijing offered a draft agreement between China and 10 island nations spanning policing, security, fisheries, data, and a free trade zone. Some Pacific leaders have agreed to consider China's trade and security pact, while the others have voiced concerns that their rapprochement with Beijing could antagonize Washington.,"The Chinese proposal to establish a China-Pacific Islands cooperation framework agreement may not yet have won sufficient support but I expect that the Chinese side will persist with its proposal, and that it may be happy to proceed with it, even if only five or six Island states are prepared to sing such an agreement," says Camilleri.,Prior to that, in mid-April, the Chinese and the Solomon Islands governments formally signed a bilateral security agreement regardless of the displeasure voiced by the US, Australia, and New Zealand. Commenting on the pact on June 3, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi underscored that its purpose is "to assist the Solomon Islands in maintaining social order." He vehemently denied Western media speculation about China's apparent plans to beef up its military presence in the region.,"China has come to the South Pacific region to build roads and bridges and improve the people’s lives, not to station troops or build military bases," Wang highlighted.,© MANDEL NGANUS President Joe Biden meets with China's President Xi Jinping during a virtual summit from the Roosevelt Room of the White House in Washington, DC, November 15, 2021. US President Joe Biden meets with China's President Xi Jinping during a virtual summit from the Roosevelt Room of the White House in Washington, DC, November 15, 2021. © MANDEL NGAN,US-China Competition for Pacific Islands Region Will Intensify,As the US and China's competition for the resource-rich region unfolds, it all depends on what Washington and Beijing can offer to Pacific island nations, according to Camilleri.,"It is doubtful that the paltry sum of $60 million offered by the United States can even begin to match what China is offering, or that it will greatly impress the Pacific Islands States meeting in Fiji," the professor suggests.,Furthermore, China has made substantial progress in building trade relations with the countries of the region as well as in establishing diplomatic ties with the PIF. The People's Republic was first invited to attend the PIF-related Talk on Establishing Dialogue Partnership held in Suva, Fiji, in 1988. Since 1990, China has attended the Post-Forum Dialogue meetings on a regular basis. In 2003, China announced its willingness to further expand economic ties with PIF member countries as well as to provide funding for the forum's secretariat.,"According to official Chinese figures, from 1992 to 2021, total trade volume between China and Pacific Island Countries (PICs) having diplomatic relations with China grew from $153 million to $5.3 billion, registering an average annual increase of 13% and expanding by over 30 times in 30 years. Similarly, by the end of 2021, China’s direct investment in PICs having diplomatic relations with China had reached $2.72 billion," says Camilleri.,The competition between the United States and its allies on the one hand and China on the other will, if anything, gather pace and intensity in the years to come, the professor says, adding that Beijing's advantage is that "it comes to the table with a much bigger checkbook, and greater opportunities for trade and investment, especially in infrastructure projects."。北京时间1月14日，苹果韩国法定代表人今天表示，韩国最高反垄断机构不应干预苹果与当地移动运营商之间的商业交易，而应遵守市场规则。苹果在汉城BKL律师事务所的法定代表人兼合伙人Ok Keum Seok表示：“苹果与韩国电信（SKT、KT和LG Uplus）之间的商业交易已经谈判了很长时间，是市场机制下的合法交易。韩国公平贸易委员会（FTC）不应在这方面浪费资源。如果苹果面临联邦贸易委员会的处罚，它将为外国公司在韩国做生意树立一个坏的先例。

二 | 这项宣布是在联邦贸易委员会即将举行第二次协商会议的时候发布的。在周三的磋商中，苹果将为联邦贸易委员会的指控辩护。FTC怀疑苹果韩国不公平地将iPhone销售给当地移动运营商的成本，包括广告成本、会议成本和维护成本。联邦贸易委员会在2016年和2017年对苹果韩国办事处进行了两次突击检查，并在去年4月向苹果发送了一份审查报告，要求苹果解释其不公平行为。”苹果和电信之间的所有业务都是基于十多年前苹果进入韩国市场时签订的合同。当时，苹果无法签署有利于苹果的合同，因为当地的手机市场被韩国公司占据了主导地位。苹果的iPhone于2008年首次通过本土运营商KT进入韩国市场。随后，韩国运营商skt和lg uplus在2011年和2014年与苹果签订了销售合同。苹果表示，自那以后，合同条款没有改变，但随着iPhone在韩国市场份额的增加，苹果的广告成本也随之增加。Oh Keum Seok声称，由于合同保密，具体金额无法披露。联邦贸易委员会主席金桑乔（Kim Sang-jo）表示，他将在第二次协商会议上从经济角度审视苹果的问题。联邦贸易委员会和苹果都将邀请经济学教授参加。

三 | 第三次和最后一次协商会议将在下个月底举行，届时将作出罚款决定。如果苹果被判有罪，该公司将面临高达其销售额2%的罚款。

四 | 除罚款外，联邦贸易委员会还可能要求苹果对交易条款进行修改。苹果担心这将在全球市场上树立先例，并产生更大的影响。联邦贸易委员会没有置评。2013年，苹果因控制iPhone的成本而被台湾罚款7亿韩元（62万美元）。去年，苹果因对法国运营商采取不公平措施而被罚款640亿韩元。

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