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致命魔术

A | 为什么能炒作起来？是很多人完全不了解苯甲酸钠（很多人看到苯这个词就自动脑补了），其实经常与它同时出场的还有山梨酸钾，很多食品、饮料中都可以看到它们的存在，因为这是两种最为常用的防腐剂了，可以抑制霉菌，酵母菌和好氧性细菌的活性，还能防止肉毒杆菌、葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等有害微生物的生长和繁殖。

Illustration: Liu Xiangya/GT
Recent media reports have questioned whether a natural gas plant built to power an Amazon data center project in Texas could become the largest climate polluter in the US. The controversy, whatever the eventual outcome, offers a reality check for America's artificial intelligence (AI) drive.
It exposes a growing contradiction: The US is racing to expand its AI capabilities, yet its protectionist trade policies are making it harder and more costly to access some of the clean-energy technologies needed to sustain that expansion. This raises a broader question: Can an energy-intensive AI race afford the costs of renewable energy protectionism?
The US is entering a new era of rising electricity demand. Data centers, the backbone of the AI economy, are emerging as one of the fastest-growing sources of power consumption. Much of that demand is still being met by fossil fuels: The International Energy Agency reports that natural gas supplies more than 40 percent of the electricity used by data centers in the US, making it their largest source of power.
So, it's not surprising that the expansion of data centers has raised concerns over their environmental impact and the pressure they could place on local power systems and electricity bills. A Gallup survey conducted in March found that seven in 10 Americans opposed the construction of AI data centers in their local area, including 48 percent who strongly opposed such projects.
The findings point to a broader challenge for the US: The race to develop AI is increasingly becoming a race to meet growing energy needs. Addressing this challenge will require more than advances in computing technology; it will also depend on an energy system capable of delivering large amounts of reliable, affordable and cleaner power. That, in turn, will require faster development and broader deployment of clean-energy technologies, from solar power to energy storage.
Yet in the clean-energy sector, the US has increasingly relied on protectionist trade measures that limit access to cost-competitive products from global markets. The country has placed greater emphasis on expanding domestic manufacturing capacity, but rebuilding entire clean-energy supply chains at home is a costly and time-consuming process. Even if expanded domestic production is achieved, it is likely to come at a higher cost, making the deployment of renewable technologies more expensive and potentially slower.
The solar industry offers a clear illustration of this policy direction. The US has continued to expand trade barriers in the sector. Reuters reported that the US government announced on Thursday a series of price floors and a 15 percent tariff on products made from polysilicon, a raw material used in solar panels.
The challenge lies in the limited scale of the US polysilicon industry. Reuters reported that the country has two polysilicon factories. Against this backdrop, relying on domestic polysilicon production while restricting access to imports runs counter to the goal of expanding solar power in the US. The country risks creating barriers that ultimately constrain its own access to the global supply chains needed for growth.
The pressing issue for the US is the speed at which new power demand is emerging. The expansion of data centers is creating electricity needs that cannot wait for domestic clean-energy capacity to develop gradually. Global supply chains can provide the scale and speed required in the near term. By narrowing access to these sources, the US risks turning clean-energy policy into a drag on the infrastructure needed for its AI race.
The US has placed AI high on its economic and technological agenda. The outcome of this race will matter greatly, as financial markets are also watching whether America can turn its AI efforts into commercial success.
This leaves the US with a difficult choice: Can it afford the cost of clean-energy protectionism while racing to build AI infrastructure? The answer may be no. Trade barriers that limit access to competitive renewable technologies could ultimately become a constraint on the AI expansion that Washington is seeking to accelerate.
The author is a reporter with the Global Times. [email protected]

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B | 它们的优点很多人不关注，然而在短视频平台传播的主要是说它们的缺点，特别是苯甲酸钠的致癌性，甚至还有人引用国外的研究，证明每天给小鼠使用0.4克的苯甲酸钠一个月后就可能导致病变的情况，这让不少人闻之色变。事实如何呢？学过化工的都直到一句话，抛开剂量谈毒性就是耍流氓，先不说小鼠试验得出的结论是否适用于人类，退一步讲就算是研究结论成立，那人类每天食用多少才可能导致癌变？这个事已经有微博大V@蘸盐给算过了，按照国家标准、一家三口正常做饭及小鼠数据来换算，如果要达到小鼠病变的标准，正常人每天要吃400克苯甲酸钠，相当于每天喝400公斤酱油，添加剂超标4万倍才行。

C | 这样算起来，按照国外研究的结论，人类不用等苯甲酸钠可能的癌变，每天喝400公斤酱油就出问题了，哪怕是光喝水也会导致水中毒的。总之，面对网上的各种耸人听闻的食品安全视频，特别是现在短视频上的各种言论，大家还是长点心为好，现代食品工业带来的科技进步让所有人都能吃上便宜、安全的美食，小小的苯甲酸钠也是功不可没，没必要谈之色变，更不要妖魔化合法合规的食品添加剂，包括三花淡奶。至于没有添加剂的食品，很多人对这种想象中的天然食品往往有脑补的加成，事实上稍微经历过北方农村自酿酱油、大酱的网友可能还有点印象，自酿酱油是否安全卫生不说，这种没有添加剂的酱油是保存不了多久的，很多人是没体验过酱油、黄酱生虫（至于是什么虫，北方网友可能都懂）的恶心情况吧。