足不出户 走遍全世界
一 | 日前，省第二届中小学科学运动会在张家口举行。 What better way to figure out a mystery of the ancients than to try it out yourself? That’s what one sailing aficionado from Israel did when confronted with a puzzle from the Christian Bible.,David Gal, a doctoral student in the Department of Maritime Civilizations at the University of Haifa, says he has figured out why the Christian Apostle Paul sailed from Judea to Rome along the southern coast of Anatolia in 60 CE - a route that, to him, wasn’t the most obvious one, since most winds in the Mediterranean are westerlies and Paul was going west.,That year, Paul was sent to the imperial capital to answer to Jewish authorities for preaching the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who claimed to have been the Jewish messiah. Most Jews did not accept Jesus’ teachings, and he was tried and executed by crucifixion for blasphemy and subversion in either 30 or 33 CE.,Paul’s journey is recounted in unusual detail in the New Testament book of Acts. The preacher zigzagged his way across the sea, swinging north of Cyprus before heading to the city of Myra (modern Demre) in southern Anatolia. From there, he went west past Rhodes, to Knidos, then south to the southern coast of Crete and west across the southernmost parts of the Ionian Sea. However, he was shipwrecked in Malta and his journey took much longer than anticipated.,“Until recently, we didn’t understand why the Alexandrian grain ship that Paul joined in southern Anatolia, bound for Rome, chose that particular route,” Gal told Haaretz.,The boat, Ma’agan Mikhael II, is a replica of a ship found in 1985 about 2 meters underneath the seabed off the coast of Kibbutz Ma’agan Mikhael in northern Israel, not far from Caesarea. In ancient times, the city was known as Caesarea Maritima or Caesarea Palestine, named after the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar. The replica boat was finished in 2016 and is just one of two ships in the world that simulates a merchant sailing vessel from Before the Common Era (BCE).,By coincidence, Caesarea also happens to be the port from which Paul left on his trip to Rome.,In part, Gal’s study was based on computer modeling, which combined vast amounts of weather data and conducted 5,479 virtual sailing trips along 224 different possible routes from Caesarea to Rome, for a total of 1.2 million virtual sailing trips. However, that wasn’t enough: Gal also took a crew of 10 volunteer sailors out in the Ma’agan Mikhael II to explore the intangible human element of the journey. With just one sail, the ship moves along at a brisk 3.9 miles per hour.,“Only when we sailed on Ma’agan Mikhael II did we understand the real limitations of the ship and the sailors,” Gal told Haaretz. “We found that in many sections of the coast, the breeze doesn’t support this type of movement.”,“They didn’t sail counter to the prevailing wind, but waited for days with a favorable wind in the opposite direction,” Gal concluded. “We found there were such days in a large meteorological sampling. Until now, scholars didn’t examine that but used low-resolution meteorological averages that erase the variance in the wind.”,Gal said he has taken the ship out more than 80 times, sailing as far as Cyprus, and found that the daily wind patterns, in which breezes can blow westward from the Levantine coast, have remained strong after 3,000 years. By navigating those patterns, ancient sailors could have crept up the coast until they found more favorable winds.,“We have data about its performance in all wind conditions and how various currents affect it, and that enables us to conduct a reliable simulation of sailing. With its help, we acquired insights into the way such a ship is operated; we had a better understanding of how four people can sail from Greece to here and back,” he said.。本届科学运动会以“好奇心、想象力、探求欲，做中学、用中学、创中学”为主题，吸引了全省近3000名中小学生参与45个赛项的角逐。值得一提的是，这次大赛对竞赛项目设置进行了优化升级，在保留科学探究、工程技术、航空航天、人工智能四大常规项目的基础上，增设了创意挑战项目，包含科学表演、无人机侦查、智能轨道赛车、水中机器人等10个特色子项。
二 | 这些项目打破了学科壁垒，将科学知识与艺术表达、传统文化、前沿科技深度融合，不仅考查学生的动手实践能力，更注重考查创新思维、团队协作和跨学科综合素养。去年以来，广泛开展的省、市、县、校四级科学运动会，不仅为省中小学生搭建了学以致用、以赛促学的平台，还是对省在“双减”中做好科学教育加法成效的检验。科学教育是提升全民科学素质、建设教育强国、实现高水平科技自立自强的重要基础。传统科学教育往往局限于课本理论与实验室验证，而科学运动会将抽象的物理、数学、编程知识转化为具象的竞技项目，使学生在真实情境中应用知识，实现了从“想法创意”到“科学成果”的闭环。近日，教育部发布《义务教育阶段科学教育“做中学”领航行动指南》，针对重知识传授、轻能力培育的问题，明确整合、拓展、深化现有科学类课程，聚焦“真实问题”，开展跨学科项目式学习。
三 | 同时，以此为支点，推动科学教育育人方式变革，引领学生关注生产生活实际和科技发展前沿、大胆探索，引导学生成为问题提出者、方案设计者、问题解决者。在此背景下，如何打通科学教育“最后一公里”，重塑义务教育科学课堂，成为当前各级教育部门和学校的一道必答题。省教育厅等九部门专门印发《关于加强新时代中小学科学教育工作的实施方案》，强化科学教育助推“双减”的资源供给和服务能力，全省所有县（市、区）科学教育实验载体实现全覆盖。为盘活社会科普资源，省教育厅、省科协等单位联合打造了“知了”科普地图数字化平台，系统整合科技馆、博物馆、重点实验室等各类科普场所，实现“一图览尽”便捷服务。同时，大力推动高校科研设施开放，全省已有40余所高校的近百个实验室和科普基地面向中小学生开放，极大丰富了科学教育的社会大课堂。此外，通过公开招聘、定向培养、在职进修等多种途径，着力优化队伍结构，全省中小学科学类课程专任教师中拥有硕士及以上学历者近万人。实施科学教师能力提升工程，建立省级科学教师培训基地，年均轮训科学教师1.2万人次。通过“科普专家进校园”“科学副校长”等机制强化师资软实力，为青少年科学素养的提升筑牢根基。省教育厅相关负责人表示，将进一步建立健全四级科学竞赛联动机制，开展中小学科技教育和科学教育协同发展改革试点，让更多孩子爱上科学。（日报记者 王敬照）。
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